TEMPORALLY FLUCTUATING SELECTION OF SEX-LIMITED SIGNALING TRAITS IN THE TEXAS FIELD CRICKET, GRYLLUS TEXENSIS

Evolution ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Field Cricket ◽  
Fluctuating Selection ◽  
Gryllus Texensis ◽  
Selection Of

Temporal Shifts in Conspicuousness: Mate Attraction Displays of the Texas Field Cricket,Gryllus texensis

Ethology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 963-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bertram ◽  
S. Xochitl Orozco ◽  
Rudy Bellani
Keyword(s):  
Field Cricket ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Gryllus Texensis ◽  
Temporal Shifts

scholarly journals Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Ylla ◽  
Taro Nakamura ◽  
Takehiko Itoh ◽  
Rei Kajitani ◽  
Atsushi Toyoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Genomic Evolution ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Class V ◽  
Insect Genome ◽  
Element Activity ◽  
Complete Metamorphosis ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMost of our knowledge of insect genomes comes from Holometabolous species, which undergo complete metamorphosis and have genomes typically under 2 Gb with little signs of DNA methylation. In contrast, Hemimetabolous insects undergo the presumed ancestral process of incomplete metamorphosis, and have larger genomes with high levels of DNA methylation. Hemimetabolous species from the Orthopteran order (grasshoppers and crickets) have some of the largest known insect genomes. What drives the evolution of these unusual insect genome sizes, remains unknown. Here we report the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the 1.66-Gb genome of the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, and the annotation of the 1.60-Gb genome of the Hawaiian cricket Laupala kohalensis. We compare these two cricket genomes with those of 14 additional insects and find evidence that hemimetabolous genomes expanded due to transposable element activity. Based on the ratio of observed to expected CpG sites, we find higher conservation and stronger purifying selection of methylated genes than non-methylated genes. Finally, our analysis suggests an expansion of the pickpocket class V gene family in crickets, which we speculate might play a role in the evolution of cricket courtship, including their characteristic chirping.

scholarly journals Terminal Reproductive Investment, Physiological Trade-offs and Pleiotropic Effects: Their effects produce complex immune/reproductive interactions in the cricket Gryllus texensis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Miyashita ◽  
Ting Yat Marco Lee ◽  
Laura E McMillan ◽  
Russell Easy ◽  
Shelley A Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Gryllus Texensis ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Limited Diet

1. Should females increase or decrease reproduction when attacked by pathogens? Two hypotheses provide opposite predictions. Terminal reproductive investment theory predicts an increase in reproduction, but hypothesized physiological trade-offs between reproduction and immune function might be expected to produce a decrease. There is evidence for both hypotheses. What determines the choice between the two responses remains unclear. We examine the effect of age on the reproductive response to immune challenge in long-wing females of the Texas field cricket, Gryllus texensis, when fed an ecologically valid (limited) diet. 2. The limited diet reduced reproductive output. However, immune challenge had no effect on their reproductive output either in young or middle-aged crickets, which is contrary to either prediction. 3. Flight muscle maintenance correlated negatively with reproductive output, suggesting a physiological trade-off between flight muscle maintenance and reproduction. Within the long-wing variant there was considerable variability in flight muscle maintenance. This variability may mask physiological trade-offs between immunity and reproduction. 4. Middle-aged crickets had higher total phenoloxidase (PO) activity in their hemolymph, compared to young females, which is contrary to the terminal investment theory. Given that PO is involved in both immunity and reproduction, the increased PO may reflect simultaneous investment in both functions. 5. We identified four proPO transcripts in a published RNA-seq dataset (transcriptome). Three of the proPO genes were expressed either in the fat body or the ovaries (supporting the hypothesis that PO is bifunctional); however, the two organs expressed different subsets. The possible bifunctionality of PO suggests that it may not be an appropriate immune measure for immune/reproductive trade-offs in some species. 6. Increasing age may not cue terminal reproductive investment prior to senescence.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

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